![]() Satiety has also an influence on the evaluation of the attractiveness of other persons. Subjects who drank a milkshake during the experiment showed greater dissatisfaction with their body and a greater discrepancy towards their ideal body image than subjects who did not drink a milkshake 25. Additionally, food intake influences the body image. ![]() body appreciation and functionality appreciation) could be found 23, 24. However, for the body image a positive association between gastric interoception and aspects of the body image (e.g. In particular, the relationship between the level of saturation and the body schema has not yet been investigated. ![]() So far, there is not much research about the effect of satiety or hunger on body perception. Langerhans’ cells in pancreas or nerve cells of the vagus nerve) are involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety 19– 22. leptin and ghrelin) and different cell types (e.g. hypothalamus, inferior parietal lobe (IPL) or the brain stem), hormones (e.g. These results suggests that the pain perception as part of the interoception is one variable among others that has an influence on the body schema, nevertheless the interoceptive sensitivity was not directly measured.Īnother interoceptive input is the feeling of hunger and satiety. Patients with various chronic pain syndromes such as chronical musculoskeletal pain or complex regional pain syndrome 17, 18 achieved poorer results in the LJT than healthy subjects. In this task hands in different orientations are presented to the participants, which have to decide whether it is a right or a left hand 16. One potential method of assessment of the body schema is the laterality judgment task (LJT). It refers to the ability to sense the own physiological conditions such as temperature, pain, itch, respiration, satiety or heartbeat 15, 16. Interoception is the perception of the state of the body. In addition to exteroceptive perception, aspects of interoception can also influence body perception. During congruent stimulation the illusion was perceived as more spatial and leads to a better adaptation to the virtual body while moving 14. Tactile stimulations are felt more real within such illusions if they are synchronized on the own and on the virtual body 13. If the virtual body of the illusion is seen from the perspective of the first and not the third person, a visual congruence is sufficient for the illusion to function 11, 12. The more lifelike the virtual body looks, the better the illusion works 11. To investigate these aspects, full body ownership illusions, also in virtual reality (VR), have been used. In interaction with the environment visual-spatial and proprioceptive perception play a particularly important role for the body schema. integrating body postures in the environmental space 2, 3, 7– 10. The body schema is the sensorimotoric representation of the body 5 and is responsible for automatically performed motions and the interaction of the body with its environment, e.g. The body image combines the cognitive, emotional and perceptual awareness of one’s own body 3, 5, 6. A frequent division is the distinction between the conscious body image and the unconscious body schema 2– 4. Body experience is often called the generic term of body perception and is divided in different subclasses 1. There are a lot of concepts and definitions about body perception. It suggests that, in addition to the visual-spatial and the proprioceptive representation, somatic information can also be relevant for the body schema. We showed that even a moderate rated feeling of hunger or satiety leads to an adjustment in body-scaled action and consequently also an adaptation of body schema. We found a significantly higher cA/S for satiety compared to hungry, which indicates that during satiety participants rotate their shoulders for relatively larger door compared to hunger, unconsciously estimating their body size to be larger. A cover story was used to ensure that the unconscious body schema has been measured. To measure the body schema, we used a door-like-aperture and compared the critical aperture-to-shoulder-ratio (cA/S). Thirty-two healthy women were investigated twice, one time sat and the other time hungry. There are only few investigations on influences on the body schema and none of them investigated feeling of satiety or hunger. It usually remains outside of active consciousness. Although there is still no single definition, there is widespread consensus that the body schema is responsible for movement and interaction with the environment. The body schema is a much discussed aspect of body awareness.
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